TELEMETRY analyses indicators and metrics for vulnerability representation

The TELEMETRY project has completed and received approval for deliverable D2.1 “Analysis of Indicators and Metrics for Vulnerability Representation”, edited by Steve Taylor, University of Southampton. The deliverable was submitted on 30 November 2024.

The scope of this deliverable is to analyse mechanisms, Indicators and metrics that can be used to represent the vulnerabilities and security posture of components and systems. As such, this deliverable focuses on the notion of “Indicators”, what they mean, what uses they can be put to, and how they can be used.

This deliverable has documented work undertaken so far in TELEMETRY regarding Indicators. We have defined the concept of Indicators, shown how Indicators fit within the (updated) TELEMETRY framework architecture that enables the different tools created by the project to interact and communicate, and this communication is facilitated by the Indicator concept. We have described the infrastructural components and how they support Indicators, tools that generate different types of Indicators, and other tools that consume Indicators, analyse them and either generate new Indicators or output decision support information to the operator of the TELEMETRY framework to guide courses of action. We have also given a brief example in one of the TELEMETRY use cases to illustrate Indicators’ use within a real situation.

This deliverable has also taken an opportunity to provide an update to the TELEMETRY architecture, introduced in D1.1, and this is discussed with respect the concept and processing of Indicators. Within this architecture, TELEMETRY has created several tools that generate (and consume) Indicators, and these are discussed as updates to the tool descriptions in D1.1. Illustrative examples of uses of Indicators are provided by way of descriptions of how they are used by other TELEMETRY tools and in one of the TELEMETRY pilots.

The key purpose of Indicators has been established, which is to provide information for decision support in order to help practitioners, but in addition, the notion of Indicators has proved to be of great use within the project as a communication mechanism, and there is further work to be done regarding Indicators, in all tools that either generate or consume Indicators, as well as the infrastructural components that support their reporting, aggregation, storage and display. Some of this work is in interpreting different Indicators to enable mappings between the values reported in an Indicator and the component consuming it, as illustrated by the SSM consuming results of the ACRAM access control risk tool, which itself consumes Indicators from scanning tools. This work will continue and develop as part of WP2 as it contributes to future tasks such as integration of the TELEMETRY framework and user trials within the project’s use cases and will be reported in subsequent deliverables.

To read the deliverable, please click here.

European Cyber Security Community Initiative (ECSCI)

The European Cyber Security Community Initiative (ECSCI) brings together EU-funded cybersecurity research and innovation projects to foster cross-sector collaboration and knowledge exchange. Its aim is to align technical and policy efforts across key areas such as AI, IoT, 5G, and cloud security. ECSCI organizes joint dissemination activities, public workshops, and strategic dialogue to amplify the impact of individual projects and build a more integrated European cybersecurity landscape.

Supported by the European Commission, ECSCI contributes to shaping a shared vision for cybersecurity in Europe by reinforcing connections between research, industry, and public stakeholders.

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European Cluster for Cybersecurity Certification

The European Cluster for Cybersecurity Certification is a collaborative initiative aimed at supporting the development and adoption of a unified cybersecurity certification framework across the European Union. Bringing together key stakeholders from industry, research, and national authorities, the cluster facilitates coordination, knowledge exchange, and alignment with the EU Cybersecurity Act.

Its mission is to contribute to a harmonized approach to certification that fosters trust, transparency, and cross-border acceptance of cybersecurity solutions. The cluster also works to build a strong stakeholder community that can inform and support the work of the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) and the future European cybersecurity certification schemes.

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CertifAI

CertifAI is an EU-funded project aimed at enabling organizations to achieve and maintain compliance with key cybersecurity standards and regulations, such as IEC 62443 and the EU Cyber Resilience Act (CRA), across the entire product development lifecycle. Rather than treating compliance as a one-time activity or post-development task, CertifAI integrates compliance checks and evidence collection as continuous, embedded practices within daily development and operational workflows.

The CertifAI framework provides structured, practical guidance for planning, executing, and monitoring compliance assessments. It supports organizations in conducting gap analyses, building compliance roadmaps, collecting evidence, and preparing for formal certification. The methodology leverages best practices from established cybersecurity frameworks and aligns with Agile and DevSecOps principles, enabling continuous and iterative compliance checks as products evolve.

A central feature of CertifAI is the use of automation and AI-driven tools—such as Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems and Explainable AI—to support the interpretation of complex requirements, detect non-conformities, and generate Security Assurance Cases (SAC) with traceable evidence. The approach is organized into five main phases: preparation and planning, evidence collection and mapping, assessment execution, reporting, and ongoing compliance monitoring.

CertifAI’s methodology is designed to be rigorous yet adaptable, offering organizations a repeatable process to proactively identify, address, and document compliance gaps. This supports organizations not only in meeting certification requirements, but also in embedding a culture of security and compliance into daily practice.

Ultimately, CertifAI’s goal is to make compliance and security assurance continuous, transparent, and integrated, helping organizations efficiently prepare for certification while strengthening their overall cybersecurity posture.

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DOSS

The Horizon Europe DOSS – Design and Operation of Secure Supply Chain – project aims to improve the security and reliability of IoT operations by introducing an integrated monitoring and validation framework to IoT Supply Chains.

DOSS elaborates a “Supply Trust Chain” by integrating key stages of the IoT supply chain into a digital communication loop to facilitate security-related information exchange. The technology includes security verification of all hardware and software components of the modelled architecture. A new “Device Security Passport” contains security-relevant information for hardware devices and their components. 3rd party software, open-source applications, as well as in-house developments are tested and assessed. The centrepiece of the proposed solution is a flexibly configurable Digital Cybersecurity Twin, able to simulate diverse IoT architectures. It employs AI for modelling complex attack scenarios, discovering attack surfaces, and elaborating the necessary protective measures. The digital twin provides input for a configurable, automated Architecture Security Validator module which assesses and provides pre-certification for the modelled IoT architecture with respect of relevant, selectable security standards and KPIs. To also ensure adequate coverage for the back end of the supply chain the operation of the architecture is also be protected by secure device onboarding, diverse security and monitoring technologies and a feedback loop to the digital twin and actors of the supply chain, sharing security-relevant information.

The procedures and technology will be validated in three IoT domains: automotive, energy and smart home.

The 12-member strong DOSS consortium comprises all stakeholders of the IoT ecosystem: service operators, OEMs, technology providers, developers, security experts, as well as research and academic partners.

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EMERALD: Evidence Management for Continuous Compliance as a Service in the Cloud

The EMERALD project aims to revolutionize the certification of cloud-based services in Europe by addressing key challenges such as market fragmentation, lack of cloud-specific certifications, and the increasing complexity introduced by AI technologies. At the heart of EMERALD lies the concept of Compliance-as-a-Service (CaaS) — an agile and scalable approach aimed at enabling continuous certification processes in alignment with harmonized European cybersecurity schemes, such as the EU Cybersecurity Certification Scheme for Cloud Services (EUCS).

By focusing on evidence management and leveraging results from the H2020 MEDINA project, EMERALD will build on existing technological readiness (starting at TRL 5) and push forward to TRL 7. The project’s core innovation is the development of tools that enable lean re-certification, helping service providers, customers, and auditors to maintain compliance across dynamic and heterogeneous environments —including Cloud, Edge, and IoT infrastructures.

EMERALD directly addresses the critical gap in achieving the ‘high’ assurance level of EUCS by offering a technical pathway based on automation, traceability, and interoperability. This is especially relevant in light of the emerging need for continuous and AI-integrated certification processes, as AI becomes increasingly embedded in cloud services.

The project also fosters strategic alignment with European initiatives on digital sovereignty, supporting transparency and trust in digital services. By doing so, EMERALD promotes the adoption of secure cloud services across both large enterprises and SMEs, ensuring that security certification becomes a practical enabler rather than a barrier.

Ultimately, EMERALD’s vision is to provide a robust, flexible, and forward-looking certification ecosystem, paving the way for more resilient, trustworthy, and user-centric digital infrastructures in Europe.

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SEC4AI4SEC

Sec4AI4Sec is a project funded by the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 101120393.

This project aims to create a range of cutting-edge technologies, open-source tools, and new methodologies for designing and certifying secure AI-enhanced systems and AI-enhanced systems for security. Additionally, it will provide reference benchmarks that can be utilized to standardize the evaluation of research outcomes within the secure software research community.

The project is divided into two main phases, each with its own name.

·       AI4Sec – stands for using artificial intelligence in security. Democratize security expertise with an AI-enhanced system that reduces development costs and improves software quality. This part of the project improves via AIs the secure coding and testing.

·       Sec4AI –  involves AI-enhanced systems. These systems also have risks that make them vulnerable to new security threats unique to AI-based software, especially when fairness and explainability are essential.

The project considers the economic and technological impacts of combining AI and security.

The economic phase of the project focuses on leveraging AI to drive growth, productivity, and competitiveness across industries. It includes developing new business models, identifying new market opportunities, and driving innovation across various sectors. 

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